Walmart Socio-Cultural Environment Essay Example

Walmart Socio-Cultural Environment Paper Divider Marts social-social qualities have functioned admirably for them. At the point when an organization is taking a gander at its convictions, they should think about their workers and the client. Divider Mart paid attention to this. They put together their way of life with respect to three fundamental convictions: administration to their client, regard for the individual, and making progress toward greatness. They manufactured that from an establishment of individual and good uprightness, trustworthiness, and decency. Divider Mart made a Statement of Ethics to manage its representatives on the best way to give the best client care to the clients and to the organization. Divider Mart likewise made worldwide morals to submit to the neighborhood laws and guidelines of that nation. In the event that their Statement of Ethics is excessively loose, the representative must stick to the nearby laws. Divider Mart gives a worldwide morals office to representatives to talk with if all else fails. There are numerous regions in the social-social condition that should be considered locally and all around. At the point when Wall-Mart chose to go worldwide, it followed its model that works so well here in the states. Without assessing the way of life, Wall-Mart nearly bombed when it ventured into Mexico. Fortunately, subsequent to adjusting their plan of action to fit into Mexico condition, they pivoted what could have been a business debacle. This shouldn't imply that they didnt gain from their missteps. Divider Mart ventured into Germany, however achievement was not in their sights. They by and by utilized what worked in the states and couldn't recuperate from the demolition of not assessing the German culture. Shockingly, Wall-Mart needed to pull out of Germany, however earned an exceptionally amazing exercise. We will compose a custom article test on Walmart Socio-Cultural Environment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Walmart Socio-Cultural Environment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Walmart Socio-Cultural Environment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Divider Mart is presently fruitful in a few different nations similarly as they are here in the states. Divider Mart was undoubtedly depending on the way that social combination is turning out to be increasingly pervasive all inclusive. Which means fundamental human needs are widespread in nature. This sort of model may work for organizations, for example, Coca-Cola or McDonalds, yet has not worked for Wall-Mart. While giving products and enterprises, an organization must glance at work connections, food decisions, relaxation exercises, the jobs of each ender, future, worry for the earth, etc.

Deaf Alcoholics Essay Example For Students

Hard of hearing Alcoholics Essay For what reason is it so difficult for the hard of hearing to manage conceding they are heavy drinkers ordrug addicts which is an obstruction for recuperation? For what reason is it so hard for them tostay calm once they have accomplished it for half a month or months? What do youthink the principle reasons are? Having worked with the hard of hearing for more than 30 years I willtry to respond to these inquiries and research different parts of the hard of hearing culture,their method of correspondence and liquor abuse. In spite of the fact that it might appear thatcommunication is a part of each culture, two of the one of a kind highlights are thatthere isn't constantly a typical language among guardians and youngster, and there is nowritten type of the language. In this way, the hard of hearing society gets special, and throughthis uniqueness, they become secluded both from their companions and the hearingpopulation. As indicated by Marie Egert Rendon in her article, Deaf and Alcoho l andSubstance Abuse Substance misuse is a delicate issue about which the deafcommunity doesn't yet feel good talking. For some with in the community,it stays an ethical issue; the refusal of neurotic drinking is very strong.(Rendon, 1992) Isolation is a notable stressor and the forswearing of liquor usein the nuclear family has since quite a while ago existed in the hard of hearing network. The family structuresand the cohesiveness of the family in their type of interchanges is a factorthat must be thought of. The hard of hearing have had constrained or stressed access to theirown social rights. They have been denied the privilege to their own language,their own local gatherings, and even have constrained access to the dominant part culturebecause of correspondence boundaries. Due to the feeling of abuse, isolationhas sustained the forswearing procedure. What's more, language, family, friendships,and administrations accessible to the hard of hearing society and local language have manyinnuendoes. Since the hard of hearing society is worked around the language that the deafpeople use-American Sign Language (ASL)- the way of life is once in a while open tothe hearing world, because of the trouble of acing ASL. (Rendon, 1992)Family correspondence incorporates a few measurements, among them the mode, contentand structure of correspondence. Method of correspondence is every now and again raised indiscussions about correspondence inside families having a hard of hearing part. Correspondence mode use alludes to the utilization of discourse, sign, or some other methodof up close and personal correspondence. (Kluwin, 1990) Because of these obstructions andother errors, liquor and medication recuperation treatment programs remaininaccessible. Notwithstanding the acknowledgment of correspondence difficulties,alcohol and tranquilize specialist organizations should be acknowledgeable about deafcultures, delicate to the hard of hearing issues, and mindful of favored techniques ofcommunication, including the utilization of mediators, both in treatment programs andin recuperation gatherings. (Luetke-Stahlman, 1994) One of the most serious issues is thatthe hard of hearing don't have moderation sufficiently long to be of help to other hard of hearing individuals. In spite of the fact that that is starting to change most are as yet subject to the meeting toa degree. As the years go on the length of restraint keeps on developing. Theproblem of liquor and substance maltreatment in the hard of hearing network is a reality. Theculture of the hard of hearing regularly gives a haven and a hindrance to recuperation byencouraging separation and forswearing. Gradually, data and educationare bringing individuals from the hard of hearing network into treatment programs and, thus,the pattern of rehashed liquor abuse can be broken. There are treatment programsthat are explicitly intended to serve the hard of hearing, and there are programs thathave a few administrations for the hard of hearing. Be that as it may, this separating of the isolationand disavowal boundaries requires proceeded with endeavors for a network alreadystretched as far as possible. The hard of hearing drunkard or medication dependent individual canachieve recuperation just when support advancing and accomplishing openness is thereality and not the irregularity. At the point when the hard of hearing network transparently concedes thatregardless of culture, race, or ideology, liquor abuse and medication misuse influences allcultures and that recuperation is an appropriate for everybody. It's anything but a shame, and itis unquestionably not an ethical issue. This is an exercise we should know about and beof administration to the hard of hearing populace. There are a lot more AA bunches in the greaterLos Angeles region today than any time in recent memory. The hard of hearing network is as yet somewhatuntrusting of the meeting network even in the closeness of the AlcoholicAnonymous home gatherings. It has been my experience that the hard of hearing gathering that havebeen held for the hard of hearing just have not faired just as the gathering with moresobriety and with a customary ASL translator. There are as yet insufficient meetingsas the consultation, yet incredi ble upgrades are being made. .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 , .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 .postImageUrl , .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 , .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895:hover , .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895:visited , .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895:active { border:0!important; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895:active , .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895:hover { darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u635ec0bcdb7 15186aa713b677daf2895 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u635ec0bcdb715186aa713b677daf2895:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: American Drug Abuse EssayBibliographyRendon, M., (1992) Deaf Culture and Alcohol and Substance Abuse. Diary ofSubstance Abuse. Vol. 9, pp. 103-110 Kluwin, T., (1990) Communication inFostering Cohesion in Families with the Deaf. Diary of American Annals of theDeaf. Vol. 139, No. 3 Luetke-Stahlman, B. (1994) Social Interactions with Regardto Students who are Deaf. Diary of the American Annals of the Deaf. Vol. 140,No. 3 Duff, J., (1981) The Truth About Drugs. Los Angeles, California: BridgePublications, Inc.

My Relation to Womens Suffrage - Free Essay Example

It was a splendid morning, as the suns luminous rays radiated from behind my curtains. I was awaiting my mothers arrival from her early morning activities, because we needed to catch the train to a suffragette protest. Although we strongly enjoyed talking about the subject, this was a topic we never discussed in public. Most men have absolutely no tolerance for this outrageous behavior and women were acting radically to express their point of view. Despite the cons of womens suffrage, there are so many pros to support the issue. Women rightfully deserve eligibility to vote in a country they play an integral role in growing and developing. Suffrage would mean bringing more justice to the American System. My mother came home running towards me with her arms wide opened. She hugged me with great joy and then proceeded to ask how my morning went. This was our normal everyday routine of her arriving to the house, but today wasnt any average day. Are you excited for your first protest? my mother questioned me with an excited manner. Im absolutely ecstatic, I responded with the same level of enthusiasm. It gives me great joy to introduce my daughter to the dream of womens suffrage. This nation will soon understand the intelligence and power of a woman!, my mother said with her glowing brown eyes glaring into mine. She had always encouraged me and had given me so much empowerment. We headed straight for the train station from our comforting home. The scene when we arrived left our eyes open in shock. There were masses of strangers that towered over me as they walked past us. Mother pushed me past the large quantities of people around us with a tight grip around my waist. The hustle and bustle of peoples movement jostled us all the way to train number twenty-four. It was a different environment for me, because I had never dealt with large overcrowding in our small town. My mother and I stepped foot on the train and proceeded down the separate cars looking for our assigned seats. The moment we reached our chairs, we dropped down in relief and took in the sight of our surrounding passengers. Next to us were two men hysterically crying with laughter. Pathetic women taking a vote, the one man bursted out, What a hoax. They need to take their place in the kitchen,the other gentleman continued, where they belong.. I looked over to see my mother. Her usually bold eyes were streaming out tears of sadness. These words couldnt have been said with any more arrogance from the two uncivilized gentlemen. We rose from our seats and left with no comment. Our ability to vote was going to speak much louder than anything we could have said in that moment. We progressed out of the train station into the blurred streets of the city. We looked around until my mother grasped my hand, then followed the crowd of suffragettes headed toward Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C. We squeezed our way through the pack of women protesting along with us. All the participants conversed about the open-air meeting before it begin. I was relieved to see other women that werent afraid to fight for our cause, despite the overwhelming crowd. So with high confidence in our voices and a cluster of raised posters, we shouted at the speaker. The outcry was so strong; there must have been hundreds of voices shouting into the warm, humid air. This protest was going very well until we heard screams in the distance. We turned around to witness the mayhem occurring. The police had invaded the protest and were beginning to arrest participants. My mother looked at me with panic in her eyes. Listen to me carefully. We need to run for the station and hide in there. The chaos will help us escape the police. She then grabbed my arm and yanked me across the busy road. We sprinted through groups of other mothers and daughters and bolted through the doors of the train station. We pushe d our way closer to the tracks, knowing we needed to make the it onto the departing train. I can still remember the feeling of pressure in every direction as we push and plodded our way onto the train just as the doors were closing. We were finally safe and on the way home. Its August twenty-sixth, 1920 an exciting day of possibilities that lay ahead. It has been slightly over two years since my unexpectedly chaotic first protest. Women are still waiting to receive the right to vote here in Pennsylvania, but we are getting extremely close. My mother is out on her daily morning errands, and I am waiting for her typical arrival home. My mother starts opening the door and then she heads inside to scoop me up in her arms; leaving the door ajar. She always does this when she arrives back home, but something is making her express an unknown passion. Weeping, she places her hands on my cherry red cheeks, as her forehead is leaning in toward mine. She is barely able to speak. The 19th amendment has been passed. The entire country is about to embark on a drastic change. This is making her feel so empowered; it is almost as if a new world of opportunities was in sight. The thought of women having the same and equal opportunity as men sent a spark through our veins.

The Difference Between Alawites and Sunnis in Syria

Social Class Divide As A Report By The Equality And Human...

Social divisions are one of, if not, the main political concerns within out society today. Policies have been implemented to try and overcome these social issues but as will be discussed and argued in this essay, it is clear that either current government legislation isn’t working, or not enough work is being done locally and in government to tackle the problem. This essay will discuss the social class divide as a report by the Equality and Human Rights Commission (2010) describes how people living in poverty and who are looked at as members of the lower social class are targets of prejudice and injustice in Scotland. I will focus on the inequalities that exist within these socially constructed groups, such as wealth, health, and†¦show more content†¦Another study completed by the Scottish Government helps us to see what kind of people are living in poverty, and contrary to what most people might assume. Most families that are living in poorer circumstances contain at least one full time working adult. It has also been shown how families where parents are unemployed are better off on benefits rather than earning minimum wage. This surely shows that the current minimum wage is not doing the job it was implemented to do, as families aren’t being able to get by and maintain a good quality of life on these salaries. Supporting the argument that the living wage being introduced should be a government priority. This would thereby close the gap between the employed and unemployed in Scotland. Other government policies that are being introduced are also said to be a cause to rising poverty levels in Scotland. For example, The Guardian (2015) published an article describing how welfare cuts have put over 700,00 people into poverty since 2012 in the UK. Scotland is also severely affected as shown by a statement from Nicola Sturgeon (Left Foot Forward, 2015) discussing how the proposed cut on tax credits will have a devastating affect on 20% of the most deprived families, losing 8% of their income. This leaves the impression that rather than poverty being reduced,

Business Environment and Society in Tropics

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment and Society in Tropics. Answer: Introduction: A set of ethical values as well as morals in order to define right and wring of an individual or a group is termed as ethics (McWilliams Williams, 2009, p. 55). The term ethics is derived from the Ancient Greek word ethos that indicates custom. There are mostly three key areas of study related to ethics: Meta-ethics: This is mostly concerned with the hypothetical meaning and reference of moral proposition. Normative ethics: This is mostly concerned with the practical way to determine a moral course of action. Applied ethics: This is mostly concerned with what an individual is grateful to do in a precise circumstance or a particular domain (Noddings, 2013). There are mostly two ethical practices that are observed by Cedele: The first ethical principle deals with the fact that every ingredient is selected carefully in order to add nutritional richness and exceptional flavor. In other words, they never include trans-fats or artificial ingredients. In order to help poor farmers, they make use of organic fair trade coffee beans from the US. This in turn also contributes to the community ("Inside," 2009). It can be thus concluded that Cedele is situated island-wide and provides products that includes no trans-fats. The major goal is to ensure superior food quality and all the food materials require to be natural in order to ensure that the customers accomplish quality products. Cedele mostly serves Asian, Western and a fusion of both culture products in order to cater to the taste buds of the domestic customers. On the other hand, in order to provide aid to the economy and poor farmers fair trade coffee beans from the US are also used. However, it is believed by Cedele that in order to succeed in the business sector the sincerity of service, food safety and positivity of customers assists us. The ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely is termed as sustainability. The concept related to the triple bottom line describes the complete definition of the term. Sustainability is also described as a socio-ecological procedure that is characterized by the detection of a common ideal. On the other hand, an ideal is defined as unattainable situation in a given time or space. Similarly, sustainable development is described as the organization of individuals for sustainability (Bebbington, Unerman O'Dwyer, 2014). The triple bottom line comprises 1. Environmental (green and environmental friendly) 2. Economic (financial and development) and 3. Social (human rights and opportunity) sustainability. (thwink.org, n.d.) The ingredients that are provided by Cedele are all homemade and natural. In other words, all the products that are provided are organic, fresh, and natural as well as prepared fresh. The workers are mostly encouraged with the help of the company moto that says Waste Not. This is mostly used to encourage the workers to remain green and to recycle wastes (Huang, 2009). The bakery was started in the year 1997, and since then it started to grow and expand. Besides being located island-wide, the stores have also penetrated the market in Hong-Kong and there are also several upcoming projects to innovate and enlarge. The samples of the delicates are also provided to the customers in order to make them try. As a result, sales target are achieved with the help of the marketing ideas (Huang, 2009). We also offer career upgrading with the help of coaching, training and personal development courses along with our supportive working environment. With the help of the training and personal development courses, the workers are able to maintain discipline from the moment they start working. Besides, being passionate about their work and connecting with people, the workers also love to work in teams. General Environment mostly refers to recurrently used strategies that include six segments. Political: The political segment mostly covers governmental movements such as taxation, trading policy and general government constancy. Economic: The economic segment includes macroeconomic issues, such as inflation, interest and rates of unemployment. It also includes the overall health of the economy. Social: The social segment mostly deals with population demographics that involve watching cultural and sociological changes over the short-term and long-term (Beasley, Jason Miller, 2012). Technological: The technological changes in the market are mostly included in the technological segment. The technological changes in the market mostly includes rate of development of new goods as well as advancement in mechanization or service industry delivery speeds. Environmental: Under the environmental segment, the analysis is directed towards alteration in weather prototypes as well as any other natural disasters that takes place. Legal: The sixth and the last segment is the legal segment that mostly deals with new laws and regulation affecting a business (Suresh, Matthews Coyne 2013). The procedure to examine how every segment can have an impact on the company is termed as PESTAL analysis (mba-lectures, 2012). Each point is explained in the following way: Our company has various sorts of rules as well as teams to monitor and control everything in order to maintain high standards and to fulfill legal requirements. The fresh quality, cleanliness and hygiene requirements are well met with the help of our Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Team. The GDP growth rate of Singapore in the recent years had averaged to 6.92 percent from the year 1975 to 2016. The GDP accomplished an all time high rate of 37.20 percent in the year 2010. However, just before two years, that is on 20078 the GDP recorded a low of -13.50 percent (Trading Economics, n.d.). We are constantly pursuing for opportunities and innovative ideas with constant change in trends. As many individuals are striving for healthy lifestyles, we are trying to come up with healthy and fun ideas. We mainly aim to provide organic products to grow more in the future. With the advancement in technology all over the world, the manufacturing and production of the products are increasing. On the other hand, the distribution of the products is becoming more faster and more competent. The customers are also enabled as they are able to order online with the help of the upcoming new Smartphone apps. References Beasley, C. R., Jason, L. A., Miller, S. A. (2012). The general environment fit scale: A factor analysis and test of convergent construct validity.American journal of community psychology,50(1-2), 64-76. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. External Environment (Mega or General Environment). ( 2010, 30 June). In MBA-Lectures.Retrieved from https://mba-lectures.com/management/principles-of- management/631/external-environment-mega-or-general-environment.html Huang, T.S. (2009, 28 May). Cedele by Bakery Depot. Nicolas Tangs Blog.Retrieved from https://nicolastang.com/2012/08/28/cedele-by-bakery-depot/ Inside. (2009, November). Retrieved from https://inside.capitaland.com/advocate/change- makers/292-changing-the-world-with-ethical-shopping McWilliams, A., Williams, C. (2009). MGMT (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic: Cengage Learning Australia. Noddings, N. (2013).Caring: A relational approach to ethics and moral education. Univ of California Press. Singapore GDP Growth Rate, (n.d.). In Trading Economics.Retrieved from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/gdp-growth SPRING Singapore. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.spring.gov.sg/Developing- Industries/FBS/Pages/food-beverage-services.aspx Suresh, P., Matthews, A., Coyne, I. (2013). Stress and stressors in the clinical environment: a comparative study of fourth?year student nurses and newly qualified general nurses in Ireland.Journal of clinical nursing,22(5-6), 770-779. Sustainability. (n.d.). In thwink.org.Retrieved from https://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/Sustainability.htm

Testbacksecurity Essay Example

Testbacksecurity Essay Chapter 2 Why Security is Needed TRUE/FALSE 1. Information security’s primary mission is to ensure that systems and their contents retain their confidentiality at all costs. ANS:FPTS:1 2. Information security safeguards the technology assets in use at the organization. ANS:TPTS:1 3. A firewall is a mechanism that keeps certain kinds of network traffic out of a private network. ANS:TPTS:1 4. An act of theft performed by a hacker falls into the category of â€Å"theft,† but is also often accompanied by defacement actions to delay discovery and thus may also be placed within the category of â€Å"forces of nature. ANS:FPTS:1 5. Two watchdog organizations that investigate allegations of software abuse: SIIA and NSA. ANS:FPTS:1 6. A number of technical mechanisms—digital watermarks and embedded code, copyright codes, and even the intentional placement of bad sectors on software media—have been used to enforce copyright laws. ANS:TPTS:1 7. A worm requires that another program is running before it can begin functioning. ANS:FPTS:1 8. A worm can deposit copies of itself onto all Web servers that the infected system can reach, so that users who subsequently visit those sites become infected. ANS:TPTS:1 9. Attacks conducted by scripts are usually unpredictable. ANS:FPTS:1 10. Expert hackers are extremely talented individuals who usually devote lots of time and energy to attempting to break into other people’s information systems. ANS:TPTS:1 11. With the removal of copyright protection, software can be easily distributed and installed. ANS:TPTS:1 12. Forces of nature, force majeure, or acts of God can present some of the most dangerous threats, because they are usually occur with very little warning and are beyond the control of people. ANS:TPTS:1 13. Much human error or failure can be prevented with training and ongoing awareness activities. ANS:TPTS:1 14. Compared to Web site defacement, vandalism within a network is less malicious in intent and more public. ANS:FPTS:1 15. With electronic information is stolen, the crime is readily apparent. ANS:FPTS:1 16. Organizations can use dictionaries to disallow passwords during the reset process and thus guard against easy-to-guess passwords. ANS:TPTS:1 17. DoS attacks cannot be launched against routers. ANS:FPTS:1 18. A mail bomb is a form of DoS. ANS:TPTS:1 19. We will write a custom essay sample on Testbacksecurity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Testbacksecurity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Testbacksecurity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A sniffer program shows all the data going by on a network segment including passwords, the data inside files—such as word-processing documents—and screens full of sensitive data from applications. ANS:TPTS:1 20. A timing attack involves the interception of cryptographic elements to determine keys and encryption algorithms. ANS:TPTS:1 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. Intellectual property is defined as â€Å"the ownership of ideas and control over the tangible or virtual representation of those ideas. † _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 2. The macro virus infects the key operating system files located in a computer’s boot sector. ________________________ ANS:F, boot PTS:1 3. Once a(n) back door has infected a computer, it can redistribute itself to all e-mail addresses found on the infected system. _________________________ ANS:F virus worm PTS:1 4. A(n) polymorphic threat is one that over time changes the way it appears to antivirus software programs, making it undetectable by techniques that look for preconfigured signatures. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 5. When voltage levels surge (experience a momentary increase), the extra voltage can severely damage or destroy equipment. ________________________ ANS:F, spike PTS:1 6. The shoulder looking technique is used in public or semipublic settings when individuals gather information they are not authorized to have by looking over another individual’s shoulder or viewing the information from a distance. _________________________ ANS:F, surfing PTS:1 7. Hackers are â€Å"people who use and create computer software to gain access to information illegally. † _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 8. Packet kiddies use automated exploits to engage in distributed denial-of-service attacks. _________________________ ANS:F, monkeys PTS:1 9. The term phreaker is now commonly associated with an individual who cracks or removes software protection that is designed to prevent unauthorized duplication. _________________________ ANS:F, cracker PTS:1 10. Cyberterrorists hack systems to conduct terrorist activities via network or Internet pathways. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 11. The malicious code attack includes the execution of viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and active Web scripts with the intent to destroy or steal information. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 12. The application of computing and network resources to try every possible combination of options of a password is called a brute crack attack. _________________________ ANS:F, force PTS:1 13. One form of e-mail attack that is also a DoS is called a mail spoof, in which an attacker routes large quantities of e-mail to the target. _________________________ ANS:F, bomb PTS:1 14. Sniffers often work on TCP/IP networks, where they’re sometimes called packet sniffers. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 15. A(n) cookie can allow an attacker to collect information on how to access password-protected sites. ________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following functions does information security perform for an organization? a. |Protecting the organization’s ability to function. | b. |Enabling the safe operation of applications implemented on the organization’s IT systems. | c. |Protecting the data the organization collects and uses. | d. |All of t he above. | ANS:DPTS:1 2. ____ is an integrated system of software, encryption methodologies, and legal agreements that can be used to support the entire information infrastructure of an organization. a. |SSL|c. |PKC| b. |PKI|d. |SIS| ANS:BPTS:1 3. ____ are software programs that hide their true nature, and reveal their designed behavior only when activated. a. |Viruses|c. |Spam| b. |Worms|d. |Trojan horses| ANS:DPTS:1 4. Which of the following is an example of a Trojan horse program? a. |Netsky|c. |Klez| b. |MyDoom|d. |Happy99. exe| ANS:DPTS:1 5. As frustrating as viruses and worms are, perhaps more time and money is spent on resolving virus ____. a. |false alarms|c. |hoaxes| b. |power faults|d. |urban legends| ANS:CPTS:1 6. Web hosting services are usually arranged with an agreement providing minimum service levels known as a(n) ____. . |SSL|c. |MSL| b. |SLA|d. |MIN| ANS:BPTS:1 7. Complete loss of power for a moment is known as a ____. a. |sag|c. |brownout| b. |fault|d. |blackout| ANS:BPTS:1 8. Acts of ____ can lead to unauthorized real or virtual actions that enable information gatherers to enter premises or systems they have not been authorized to enter. a. |bypass|c. |trespass| b. |nature|d. |security| ANS:CP TS:1 9. There are generally two skill levels among hackers: expert and ____. a. |novice|c. |packet monkey| b. |journeyman|d. |professional| ANS:APTS:1 10. One form of online vandalism is ____ operations, which interfere with or disrupt systems to protest the operations, policies, or actions of an organization or government agency. a. |hacktivist|c. |hackcyber| b. |phvist|d. |cyberhack| ANS:APTS:1 11. According to Mark Pollitt, ____ is the premeditated, politically motivated attacks against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data which result in violence against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents. a. |infoterrorism|c. |hacking| b. |cyberterrorism|d. |cracking| ANS:BPTS:1 12. ___ is any technology that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge. a. |A bot|c. |Trojan| b. |Spyware|d. |Worm| ANS:BPTS:1 13. The ____ data file contains the hashed representation of the user’s password. a. |SLA|c. |FBI| b. |SNMP|d. |SAM| ANS:DPTS:1 14. In a ____ attack, the attacker sends a large number of connection or information requests to a target. a. |denial- of-service|c. |virus| b. |distributed denial-of-service|d. |spam| ANS:APTS:1 15. A ____ is an attack in which a coordinated stream of requests is launched against a target from many locations at the same time. . |denial-of-service|c. |virus| b. |distributed denial-of-service|d. |spam| ANS:BPTS:1 16. ____ are machines that are directed remotely (usually by a transmitted command) by the attacker to participate in an attack. a. |Drones|c. |Zombies| b. |Helpers|d. |Servants| ANS:CPTS:1 17. In the well-known ____ attack, an attacker monitors (or sniffs) packets from the network, modifies them, and inserts them back into the network. a. |zombie-in-the-middle|c. |server-in-the-middle| b. |sniff-in-the-middle|d. |man-in-the-middle| ANS:DPTS:1 18. The ____ hijacking attack uses IP spoofing to enable an attacker to impersonate another entity on the network. a. |WWW|c. |FTP| b. |TCP|d. |HTTP| ANS:BPTS:1 19. â€Å"4-1-9† fraud is an example of a ____ attack. a. |social engineering|c. |worm| b. |virus|d. |spam| ANS:APTS:1 20. Microsoft acknowledged that if you type a res:// URL (a Microsoft-devised type of URL) which is longer than ____ characters in Internet Explorer 4. 0, the browser will crash. a. |64|c. |256| b. |128|d. |512| ANS:CPTS:1 COMPLETION 1. A(n) ____________________ is an object, person, or other entity that represents an ongoing danger to an asset. ANS:threat PTS:1 2. Duplication of software-based intellectual property is more commonly known as software ____________________. ANS:piracy PTS:1 3. A computer virus consists of segments of code that perform ____________________ actions. ANS:malicious PTS:1 4. A(n) ____________________ is a malicious program that replicates itself constantly, without requiring another program environment. ANS:worm PTS:1 5. A virus or worm can have a payload that installs a(n) ____________________ door or trap door component in a system, which allows the attacker to access the system at will with special privileges. ANS:back PTS:1 6. A momentary low voltage is called a(n) ____________________. ANS:sag PTS:1 7. Some information gathering techniques are quite legal, for example, using a Web browser to perform market research. These legal techniques are called, collectively, competitive ____________________. ANS:intelligence PTS:1 8. When information gatherers employ techniques that cross the threshold of what is legal or ethical, they are conducting industrial ____________________. ANS:espionage PTS:1 9. The expert hacker sometimes is called ____________________ hacker. ANS:elite PTS:1 10. Script ____________________ are hackers of limited skill who use expertly written software to attack a system. ANS:kiddies PTS:1 11. A(n) ____________________ hacks the public telephone network to make free calls or disrupt services. ANS:phreaker PTS:1 12. ESD means electrostatic ____________________. ANS:discharge PTS:1 13. A(n) ____________________ is an act that takes advantage of a vulnerability to compromise a controlled system. ANS:attack PTS:1 14. A(n) ____________________ is an identified weakness in a controlled system, where controls are not present or are no longer effective. ANS:vulnerability PTS:1 5. Attempting to reverse-calculate a password is called ____________________. ANS:cracking PTS:1 16. ____________________ is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers, wherein the intruder sends messages with a source IP address that has been forged to indicate that the messages are coming from a trusted host. ANS:Spoofing PTS:1 17. ____________________ is unsol icited commercial e-mail. ANS:Spam PTS:1 18. In the context of information security, ____________________ is the process of using social skills to convince people to reveal access credentials or other valuable information to the attacker. ANS:social engineering PTS:1 19. The timing attack explores the contents of a Web browser’s ____________________. ANS:cache PTS:1 20. A(n) ____________________ is an application error that occurs when more data is sent to a program buffer than it is designed to handle. ANS: buffer overrun buffer overflow PTS:1 ESSAY 1. List at least six general categories of threat. ANS: Compromises to intellectual property : piracy, copyright infringement Software attacks : viruses, worms macros, denial of service Deviations in quality of service : ISP, power, or wan service issues from service providers Espionage or trespass : unauthorized access and /or data collection Sabotage or vandalism : destruction of system or information Forces of nature Human error or failure Information extortion Missing, inadequate, or incomplete Missing, inadequate, or incomplete controls Theft Technical hardware failures or errors Technical software failures or errors Technological obsolescence PTS:1 2. Describe viruses and worms. ANS: A computer virus consists of segments of code that perform malicious actions. The code attaches itself to the existing program and takes control of that program’s access to the targeted computer. The virus-controlled target program then carries out the virus’s plan, by replicating itself into additional targeted systems. A worm is a malicious program that replicates itself constantly, without requiring another program to provide a safe environment for replication. Worms can continue replicating themselves until they completely fill available resources, such as memory, hard drive space, and network bandwidth. PTS:1 3. Describe the capabilities of a sniffer. ANS: A sniffer is a program or device that can monitor data traveling over a network. Sniffers can be used both for legitimate network management functions and for stealing information from a network. Unauthorized sniffers can be extremely dangerous to a network’s security, because they are virtually impossible to detect and can be inserted almost anywhere. Sniffers often work on TCP/IP networks, where they’re sometimes called packet sniffers. A sniffer program shows all the data going by, including passwords, the data inside files and screens full of sensitive data from applications. PTS:1