My Relation to Womens Suffrage - Free Essay Example

It was a splendid morning, as the suns luminous rays radiated from behind my curtains. I was awaiting my mothers arrival from her early morning activities, because we needed to catch the train to a suffragette protest. Although we strongly enjoyed talking about the subject, this was a topic we never discussed in public. Most men have absolutely no tolerance for this outrageous behavior and women were acting radically to express their point of view. Despite the cons of womens suffrage, there are so many pros to support the issue. Women rightfully deserve eligibility to vote in a country they play an integral role in growing and developing. Suffrage would mean bringing more justice to the American System. My mother came home running towards me with her arms wide opened. She hugged me with great joy and then proceeded to ask how my morning went. This was our normal everyday routine of her arriving to the house, but today wasnt any average day. Are you excited for your first protest? my mother questioned me with an excited manner. Im absolutely ecstatic, I responded with the same level of enthusiasm. It gives me great joy to introduce my daughter to the dream of womens suffrage. This nation will soon understand the intelligence and power of a woman!, my mother said with her glowing brown eyes glaring into mine. She had always encouraged me and had given me so much empowerment. We headed straight for the train station from our comforting home. The scene when we arrived left our eyes open in shock. There were masses of strangers that towered over me as they walked past us. Mother pushed me past the large quantities of people around us with a tight grip around my waist. The hustle and bustle of peoples movement jostled us all the way to train number twenty-four. It was a different environment for me, because I had never dealt with large overcrowding in our small town. My mother and I stepped foot on the train and proceeded down the separate cars looking for our assigned seats. The moment we reached our chairs, we dropped down in relief and took in the sight of our surrounding passengers. Next to us were two men hysterically crying with laughter. Pathetic women taking a vote, the one man bursted out, What a hoax. They need to take their place in the kitchen,the other gentleman continued, where they belong.. I looked over to see my mother. Her usually bold eyes were streaming out tears of sadness. These words couldnt have been said with any more arrogance from the two uncivilized gentlemen. We rose from our seats and left with no comment. Our ability to vote was going to speak much louder than anything we could have said in that moment. We progressed out of the train station into the blurred streets of the city. We looked around until my mother grasped my hand, then followed the crowd of suffragettes headed toward Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C. We squeezed our way through the pack of women protesting along with us. All the participants conversed about the open-air meeting before it begin. I was relieved to see other women that werent afraid to fight for our cause, despite the overwhelming crowd. So with high confidence in our voices and a cluster of raised posters, we shouted at the speaker. The outcry was so strong; there must have been hundreds of voices shouting into the warm, humid air. This protest was going very well until we heard screams in the distance. We turned around to witness the mayhem occurring. The police had invaded the protest and were beginning to arrest participants. My mother looked at me with panic in her eyes. Listen to me carefully. We need to run for the station and hide in there. The chaos will help us escape the police. She then grabbed my arm and yanked me across the busy road. We sprinted through groups of other mothers and daughters and bolted through the doors of the train station. We pushe d our way closer to the tracks, knowing we needed to make the it onto the departing train. I can still remember the feeling of pressure in every direction as we push and plodded our way onto the train just as the doors were closing. We were finally safe and on the way home. Its August twenty-sixth, 1920 an exciting day of possibilities that lay ahead. It has been slightly over two years since my unexpectedly chaotic first protest. Women are still waiting to receive the right to vote here in Pennsylvania, but we are getting extremely close. My mother is out on her daily morning errands, and I am waiting for her typical arrival home. My mother starts opening the door and then she heads inside to scoop me up in her arms; leaving the door ajar. She always does this when she arrives back home, but something is making her express an unknown passion. Weeping, she places her hands on my cherry red cheeks, as her forehead is leaning in toward mine. She is barely able to speak. The 19th amendment has been passed. The entire country is about to embark on a drastic change. This is making her feel so empowered; it is almost as if a new world of opportunities was in sight. The thought of women having the same and equal opportunity as men sent a spark through our veins.

The Difference Between Alawites and Sunnis in Syria

Social Class Divide As A Report By The Equality And Human...

Social divisions are one of, if not, the main political concerns within out society today. Policies have been implemented to try and overcome these social issues but as will be discussed and argued in this essay, it is clear that either current government legislation isn’t working, or not enough work is being done locally and in government to tackle the problem. This essay will discuss the social class divide as a report by the Equality and Human Rights Commission (2010) describes how people living in poverty and who are looked at as members of the lower social class are targets of prejudice and injustice in Scotland. I will focus on the inequalities that exist within these socially constructed groups, such as wealth, health, and†¦show more content†¦Another study completed by the Scottish Government helps us to see what kind of people are living in poverty, and contrary to what most people might assume. Most families that are living in poorer circumstances contain at least one full time working adult. It has also been shown how families where parents are unemployed are better off on benefits rather than earning minimum wage. This surely shows that the current minimum wage is not doing the job it was implemented to do, as families aren’t being able to get by and maintain a good quality of life on these salaries. Supporting the argument that the living wage being introduced should be a government priority. This would thereby close the gap between the employed and unemployed in Scotland. Other government policies that are being introduced are also said to be a cause to rising poverty levels in Scotland. For example, The Guardian (2015) published an article describing how welfare cuts have put over 700,00 people into poverty since 2012 in the UK. Scotland is also severely affected as shown by a statement from Nicola Sturgeon (Left Foot Forward, 2015) discussing how the proposed cut on tax credits will have a devastating affect on 20% of the most deprived families, losing 8% of their income. This leaves the impression that rather than poverty being reduced,

Business Environment and Society in Tropics

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment and Society in Tropics. Answer: Introduction: A set of ethical values as well as morals in order to define right and wring of an individual or a group is termed as ethics (McWilliams Williams, 2009, p. 55). The term ethics is derived from the Ancient Greek word ethos that indicates custom. There are mostly three key areas of study related to ethics: Meta-ethics: This is mostly concerned with the hypothetical meaning and reference of moral proposition. Normative ethics: This is mostly concerned with the practical way to determine a moral course of action. Applied ethics: This is mostly concerned with what an individual is grateful to do in a precise circumstance or a particular domain (Noddings, 2013). There are mostly two ethical practices that are observed by Cedele: The first ethical principle deals with the fact that every ingredient is selected carefully in order to add nutritional richness and exceptional flavor. In other words, they never include trans-fats or artificial ingredients. In order to help poor farmers, they make use of organic fair trade coffee beans from the US. This in turn also contributes to the community ("Inside," 2009). It can be thus concluded that Cedele is situated island-wide and provides products that includes no trans-fats. The major goal is to ensure superior food quality and all the food materials require to be natural in order to ensure that the customers accomplish quality products. Cedele mostly serves Asian, Western and a fusion of both culture products in order to cater to the taste buds of the domestic customers. On the other hand, in order to provide aid to the economy and poor farmers fair trade coffee beans from the US are also used. However, it is believed by Cedele that in order to succeed in the business sector the sincerity of service, food safety and positivity of customers assists us. The ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely is termed as sustainability. The concept related to the triple bottom line describes the complete definition of the term. Sustainability is also described as a socio-ecological procedure that is characterized by the detection of a common ideal. On the other hand, an ideal is defined as unattainable situation in a given time or space. Similarly, sustainable development is described as the organization of individuals for sustainability (Bebbington, Unerman O'Dwyer, 2014). The triple bottom line comprises 1. Environmental (green and environmental friendly) 2. Economic (financial and development) and 3. Social (human rights and opportunity) sustainability. (thwink.org, n.d.) The ingredients that are provided by Cedele are all homemade and natural. In other words, all the products that are provided are organic, fresh, and natural as well as prepared fresh. The workers are mostly encouraged with the help of the company moto that says Waste Not. This is mostly used to encourage the workers to remain green and to recycle wastes (Huang, 2009). The bakery was started in the year 1997, and since then it started to grow and expand. Besides being located island-wide, the stores have also penetrated the market in Hong-Kong and there are also several upcoming projects to innovate and enlarge. The samples of the delicates are also provided to the customers in order to make them try. As a result, sales target are achieved with the help of the marketing ideas (Huang, 2009). We also offer career upgrading with the help of coaching, training and personal development courses along with our supportive working environment. With the help of the training and personal development courses, the workers are able to maintain discipline from the moment they start working. Besides, being passionate about their work and connecting with people, the workers also love to work in teams. General Environment mostly refers to recurrently used strategies that include six segments. Political: The political segment mostly covers governmental movements such as taxation, trading policy and general government constancy. Economic: The economic segment includes macroeconomic issues, such as inflation, interest and rates of unemployment. It also includes the overall health of the economy. Social: The social segment mostly deals with population demographics that involve watching cultural and sociological changes over the short-term and long-term (Beasley, Jason Miller, 2012). Technological: The technological changes in the market are mostly included in the technological segment. The technological changes in the market mostly includes rate of development of new goods as well as advancement in mechanization or service industry delivery speeds. Environmental: Under the environmental segment, the analysis is directed towards alteration in weather prototypes as well as any other natural disasters that takes place. Legal: The sixth and the last segment is the legal segment that mostly deals with new laws and regulation affecting a business (Suresh, Matthews Coyne 2013). The procedure to examine how every segment can have an impact on the company is termed as PESTAL analysis (mba-lectures, 2012). Each point is explained in the following way: Our company has various sorts of rules as well as teams to monitor and control everything in order to maintain high standards and to fulfill legal requirements. The fresh quality, cleanliness and hygiene requirements are well met with the help of our Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Team. The GDP growth rate of Singapore in the recent years had averaged to 6.92 percent from the year 1975 to 2016. The GDP accomplished an all time high rate of 37.20 percent in the year 2010. However, just before two years, that is on 20078 the GDP recorded a low of -13.50 percent (Trading Economics, n.d.). We are constantly pursuing for opportunities and innovative ideas with constant change in trends. As many individuals are striving for healthy lifestyles, we are trying to come up with healthy and fun ideas. We mainly aim to provide organic products to grow more in the future. With the advancement in technology all over the world, the manufacturing and production of the products are increasing. On the other hand, the distribution of the products is becoming more faster and more competent. The customers are also enabled as they are able to order online with the help of the upcoming new Smartphone apps. References Beasley, C. R., Jason, L. A., Miller, S. A. (2012). The general environment fit scale: A factor analysis and test of convergent construct validity.American journal of community psychology,50(1-2), 64-76. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. External Environment (Mega or General Environment). ( 2010, 30 June). In MBA-Lectures.Retrieved from https://mba-lectures.com/management/principles-of- management/631/external-environment-mega-or-general-environment.html Huang, T.S. (2009, 28 May). Cedele by Bakery Depot. Nicolas Tangs Blog.Retrieved from https://nicolastang.com/2012/08/28/cedele-by-bakery-depot/ Inside. (2009, November). Retrieved from https://inside.capitaland.com/advocate/change- makers/292-changing-the-world-with-ethical-shopping McWilliams, A., Williams, C. (2009). MGMT (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic: Cengage Learning Australia. Noddings, N. (2013).Caring: A relational approach to ethics and moral education. Univ of California Press. Singapore GDP Growth Rate, (n.d.). In Trading Economics.Retrieved from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/gdp-growth SPRING Singapore. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.spring.gov.sg/Developing- Industries/FBS/Pages/food-beverage-services.aspx Suresh, P., Matthews, A., Coyne, I. (2013). Stress and stressors in the clinical environment: a comparative study of fourth?year student nurses and newly qualified general nurses in Ireland.Journal of clinical nursing,22(5-6), 770-779. Sustainability. (n.d.). In thwink.org.Retrieved from https://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/Sustainability.htm

Testbacksecurity Essay Example

Testbacksecurity Essay Chapter 2 Why Security is Needed TRUE/FALSE 1. Information security’s primary mission is to ensure that systems and their contents retain their confidentiality at all costs. ANS:FPTS:1 2. Information security safeguards the technology assets in use at the organization. ANS:TPTS:1 3. A firewall is a mechanism that keeps certain kinds of network traffic out of a private network. ANS:TPTS:1 4. An act of theft performed by a hacker falls into the category of â€Å"theft,† but is also often accompanied by defacement actions to delay discovery and thus may also be placed within the category of â€Å"forces of nature. ANS:FPTS:1 5. Two watchdog organizations that investigate allegations of software abuse: SIIA and NSA. ANS:FPTS:1 6. A number of technical mechanisms—digital watermarks and embedded code, copyright codes, and even the intentional placement of bad sectors on software media—have been used to enforce copyright laws. ANS:TPTS:1 7. A worm requires that another program is running before it can begin functioning. ANS:FPTS:1 8. A worm can deposit copies of itself onto all Web servers that the infected system can reach, so that users who subsequently visit those sites become infected. ANS:TPTS:1 9. Attacks conducted by scripts are usually unpredictable. ANS:FPTS:1 10. Expert hackers are extremely talented individuals who usually devote lots of time and energy to attempting to break into other people’s information systems. ANS:TPTS:1 11. With the removal of copyright protection, software can be easily distributed and installed. ANS:TPTS:1 12. Forces of nature, force majeure, or acts of God can present some of the most dangerous threats, because they are usually occur with very little warning and are beyond the control of people. ANS:TPTS:1 13. Much human error or failure can be prevented with training and ongoing awareness activities. ANS:TPTS:1 14. Compared to Web site defacement, vandalism within a network is less malicious in intent and more public. ANS:FPTS:1 15. With electronic information is stolen, the crime is readily apparent. ANS:FPTS:1 16. Organizations can use dictionaries to disallow passwords during the reset process and thus guard against easy-to-guess passwords. ANS:TPTS:1 17. DoS attacks cannot be launched against routers. ANS:FPTS:1 18. A mail bomb is a form of DoS. ANS:TPTS:1 19. We will write a custom essay sample on Testbacksecurity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Testbacksecurity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Testbacksecurity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A sniffer program shows all the data going by on a network segment including passwords, the data inside files—such as word-processing documents—and screens full of sensitive data from applications. ANS:TPTS:1 20. A timing attack involves the interception of cryptographic elements to determine keys and encryption algorithms. ANS:TPTS:1 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. Intellectual property is defined as â€Å"the ownership of ideas and control over the tangible or virtual representation of those ideas. † _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 2. The macro virus infects the key operating system files located in a computer’s boot sector. ________________________ ANS:F, boot PTS:1 3. Once a(n) back door has infected a computer, it can redistribute itself to all e-mail addresses found on the infected system. _________________________ ANS:F virus worm PTS:1 4. A(n) polymorphic threat is one that over time changes the way it appears to antivirus software programs, making it undetectable by techniques that look for preconfigured signatures. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 5. When voltage levels surge (experience a momentary increase), the extra voltage can severely damage or destroy equipment. ________________________ ANS:F, spike PTS:1 6. The shoulder looking technique is used in public or semipublic settings when individuals gather information they are not authorized to have by looking over another individual’s shoulder or viewing the information from a distance. _________________________ ANS:F, surfing PTS:1 7. Hackers are â€Å"people who use and create computer software to gain access to information illegally. † _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 8. Packet kiddies use automated exploits to engage in distributed denial-of-service attacks. _________________________ ANS:F, monkeys PTS:1 9. The term phreaker is now commonly associated with an individual who cracks or removes software protection that is designed to prevent unauthorized duplication. _________________________ ANS:F, cracker PTS:1 10. Cyberterrorists hack systems to conduct terrorist activities via network or Internet pathways. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 11. The malicious code attack includes the execution of viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and active Web scripts with the intent to destroy or steal information. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 12. The application of computing and network resources to try every possible combination of options of a password is called a brute crack attack. _________________________ ANS:F, force PTS:1 13. One form of e-mail attack that is also a DoS is called a mail spoof, in which an attacker routes large quantities of e-mail to the target. _________________________ ANS:F, bomb PTS:1 14. Sniffers often work on TCP/IP networks, where they’re sometimes called packet sniffers. _________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 15. A(n) cookie can allow an attacker to collect information on how to access password-protected sites. ________________________ ANS:TPTS:1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following functions does information security perform for an organization? a. |Protecting the organization’s ability to function. | b. |Enabling the safe operation of applications implemented on the organization’s IT systems. | c. |Protecting the data the organization collects and uses. | d. |All of t he above. | ANS:DPTS:1 2. ____ is an integrated system of software, encryption methodologies, and legal agreements that can be used to support the entire information infrastructure of an organization. a. |SSL|c. |PKC| b. |PKI|d. |SIS| ANS:BPTS:1 3. ____ are software programs that hide their true nature, and reveal their designed behavior only when activated. a. |Viruses|c. |Spam| b. |Worms|d. |Trojan horses| ANS:DPTS:1 4. Which of the following is an example of a Trojan horse program? a. |Netsky|c. |Klez| b. |MyDoom|d. |Happy99. exe| ANS:DPTS:1 5. As frustrating as viruses and worms are, perhaps more time and money is spent on resolving virus ____. a. |false alarms|c. |hoaxes| b. |power faults|d. |urban legends| ANS:CPTS:1 6. Web hosting services are usually arranged with an agreement providing minimum service levels known as a(n) ____. . |SSL|c. |MSL| b. |SLA|d. |MIN| ANS:BPTS:1 7. Complete loss of power for a moment is known as a ____. a. |sag|c. |brownout| b. |fault|d. |blackout| ANS:BPTS:1 8. Acts of ____ can lead to unauthorized real or virtual actions that enable information gatherers to enter premises or systems they have not been authorized to enter. a. |bypass|c. |trespass| b. |nature|d. |security| ANS:CP TS:1 9. There are generally two skill levels among hackers: expert and ____. a. |novice|c. |packet monkey| b. |journeyman|d. |professional| ANS:APTS:1 10. One form of online vandalism is ____ operations, which interfere with or disrupt systems to protest the operations, policies, or actions of an organization or government agency. a. |hacktivist|c. |hackcyber| b. |phvist|d. |cyberhack| ANS:APTS:1 11. According to Mark Pollitt, ____ is the premeditated, politically motivated attacks against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data which result in violence against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents. a. |infoterrorism|c. |hacking| b. |cyberterrorism|d. |cracking| ANS:BPTS:1 12. ___ is any technology that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge. a. |A bot|c. |Trojan| b. |Spyware|d. |Worm| ANS:BPTS:1 13. The ____ data file contains the hashed representation of the user’s password. a. |SLA|c. |FBI| b. |SNMP|d. |SAM| ANS:DPTS:1 14. In a ____ attack, the attacker sends a large number of connection or information requests to a target. a. |denial- of-service|c. |virus| b. |distributed denial-of-service|d. |spam| ANS:APTS:1 15. A ____ is an attack in which a coordinated stream of requests is launched against a target from many locations at the same time. . |denial-of-service|c. |virus| b. |distributed denial-of-service|d. |spam| ANS:BPTS:1 16. ____ are machines that are directed remotely (usually by a transmitted command) by the attacker to participate in an attack. a. |Drones|c. |Zombies| b. |Helpers|d. |Servants| ANS:CPTS:1 17. In the well-known ____ attack, an attacker monitors (or sniffs) packets from the network, modifies them, and inserts them back into the network. a. |zombie-in-the-middle|c. |server-in-the-middle| b. |sniff-in-the-middle|d. |man-in-the-middle| ANS:DPTS:1 18. The ____ hijacking attack uses IP spoofing to enable an attacker to impersonate another entity on the network. a. |WWW|c. |FTP| b. |TCP|d. |HTTP| ANS:BPTS:1 19. â€Å"4-1-9† fraud is an example of a ____ attack. a. |social engineering|c. |worm| b. |virus|d. |spam| ANS:APTS:1 20. Microsoft acknowledged that if you type a res:// URL (a Microsoft-devised type of URL) which is longer than ____ characters in Internet Explorer 4. 0, the browser will crash. a. |64|c. |256| b. |128|d. |512| ANS:CPTS:1 COMPLETION 1. A(n) ____________________ is an object, person, or other entity that represents an ongoing danger to an asset. ANS:threat PTS:1 2. Duplication of software-based intellectual property is more commonly known as software ____________________. ANS:piracy PTS:1 3. A computer virus consists of segments of code that perform ____________________ actions. ANS:malicious PTS:1 4. A(n) ____________________ is a malicious program that replicates itself constantly, without requiring another program environment. ANS:worm PTS:1 5. A virus or worm can have a payload that installs a(n) ____________________ door or trap door component in a system, which allows the attacker to access the system at will with special privileges. ANS:back PTS:1 6. A momentary low voltage is called a(n) ____________________. ANS:sag PTS:1 7. Some information gathering techniques are quite legal, for example, using a Web browser to perform market research. These legal techniques are called, collectively, competitive ____________________. ANS:intelligence PTS:1 8. When information gatherers employ techniques that cross the threshold of what is legal or ethical, they are conducting industrial ____________________. ANS:espionage PTS:1 9. The expert hacker sometimes is called ____________________ hacker. ANS:elite PTS:1 10. Script ____________________ are hackers of limited skill who use expertly written software to attack a system. ANS:kiddies PTS:1 11. A(n) ____________________ hacks the public telephone network to make free calls or disrupt services. ANS:phreaker PTS:1 12. ESD means electrostatic ____________________. ANS:discharge PTS:1 13. A(n) ____________________ is an act that takes advantage of a vulnerability to compromise a controlled system. ANS:attack PTS:1 14. A(n) ____________________ is an identified weakness in a controlled system, where controls are not present or are no longer effective. ANS:vulnerability PTS:1 5. Attempting to reverse-calculate a password is called ____________________. ANS:cracking PTS:1 16. ____________________ is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers, wherein the intruder sends messages with a source IP address that has been forged to indicate that the messages are coming from a trusted host. ANS:Spoofing PTS:1 17. ____________________ is unsol icited commercial e-mail. ANS:Spam PTS:1 18. In the context of information security, ____________________ is the process of using social skills to convince people to reveal access credentials or other valuable information to the attacker. ANS:social engineering PTS:1 19. The timing attack explores the contents of a Web browser’s ____________________. ANS:cache PTS:1 20. A(n) ____________________ is an application error that occurs when more data is sent to a program buffer than it is designed to handle. ANS: buffer overrun buffer overflow PTS:1 ESSAY 1. List at least six general categories of threat. ANS: Compromises to intellectual property : piracy, copyright infringement Software attacks : viruses, worms macros, denial of service Deviations in quality of service : ISP, power, or wan service issues from service providers Espionage or trespass : unauthorized access and /or data collection Sabotage or vandalism : destruction of system or information Forces of nature Human error or failure Information extortion Missing, inadequate, or incomplete Missing, inadequate, or incomplete controls Theft Technical hardware failures or errors Technical software failures or errors Technological obsolescence PTS:1 2. Describe viruses and worms. ANS: A computer virus consists of segments of code that perform malicious actions. The code attaches itself to the existing program and takes control of that program’s access to the targeted computer. The virus-controlled target program then carries out the virus’s plan, by replicating itself into additional targeted systems. A worm is a malicious program that replicates itself constantly, without requiring another program to provide a safe environment for replication. Worms can continue replicating themselves until they completely fill available resources, such as memory, hard drive space, and network bandwidth. PTS:1 3. Describe the capabilities of a sniffer. ANS: A sniffer is a program or device that can monitor data traveling over a network. Sniffers can be used both for legitimate network management functions and for stealing information from a network. Unauthorized sniffers can be extremely dangerous to a network’s security, because they are virtually impossible to detect and can be inserted almost anywhere. Sniffers often work on TCP/IP networks, where they’re sometimes called packet sniffers. A sniffer program shows all the data going by, including passwords, the data inside files and screens full of sensitive data from applications. PTS:1

The Crucible and Hale Essays

The Crucible and Hale Essays The Crucible and Hale Paper The Crucible and Hale Paper Essay Topic: The Crucible The Crucible Guided Viewing Questions KEY Who are Reverend Parris, Betty, and Abigail? What is their relationship? Rev. Parris is the minister of Salem, Betty is his daughter, and Abigail is his niece. Who is Tituba? What is her relationship to the family? Tituba is the Parris’s slave from Barbados.   What is wrong with Betty? Betty is unconscious after being caught by her father dancing in the woods with other girls from Salem.   Why does Parris suggest calling in Reverend Hale? Rev. Parris thinks the Devil has entered Salem and turned the girls into witches. Who are Ann and Thomas Putnam? What do they suggest is Betty’s problem? What is their motivation for suggesting this? The couple who lost all but one child, Ann. The Putnams believe that Betty is being controlled by the Devil and is suffering the same symptoms as their daughter Ruth related to withcraft.   Who is Ruth? What is her relationship to the Putnams? What is wrong with her? How do the Putnam’s tie her problem to Betty’s? Ruth is the Putnams’ daughter; she is the other girl who is unable to wake after doing black arts in the woods with Tituba.   Who is Mercy Lewis? What is her relationship to the Putnam’s? The Putnams’ servant.   What does the conversation between Abigail, Mercy Lewis, Mary Warren, and Betty reveal about their recent activities? The girls are making the idea of witchcraft up to avoid getting punished for dancing in the woods. Who is John Proctor? What is his relationship to Mary Warren? What is his relationship to Abigail? How does he feel about his relationship with Abigail? John Proctor is a landowner and a farmer, who separates him self from the town. Mary Warren is the Proctors’ servant; she replaced Abigail Williams, with whom he had an affair. Who is Elizabeth Proctor? What does Abigail think of her? How might this affect the outcome of the play? Elizabeth Proctor is John’s wife. Abigail despises Elizabeth because she dismissed her and brought suspicion on her. Abigail targets Elizabeth because she wants to take her place in John’s life.   Who is Giles Corey? Why is he introduced into the play? Giles Corey is an illiterate farmer who is a friend of John Proctor. His wife, Martha, reads books at night, and he says he â€Å"can’t pray.   Who is Rebecca Nurse? What is her role likely to be in the play? Rebecca Nurse is an elder in the town, married to Francis Nurse, who says that the â€Å"witchcraft† is just the girls’ foolishness. All of her children and grandchildren are all still alive.   Why is the issue of Parris’s salary raised? Rev. Parris required that he be given the deed to the minister’s house; he is concerned with temporal, earthly things seemingly more than heavenly things. ? 14. What is the Putnams’ grievance over land? What significance might this have in the play? Thomas Putnam feels as if he was cheated out of land by his father and is always   What do the Puritans think of books other than the Bible? How do you learn about this in Act One? Books other than the Bible are folly and possibly evil.   How does Hale confuse Tituba? What is the significance of their conversation? Hale’s questioning is loaded with biased questions – assuming Tituba’s guilt as a witch which confuses Tituba; Hale also is beating Tituba as he questions her.   How and by whom are the other villagers accused of witchcraft? What is the motivation for the girls’ accusations? What is the significance of the scene between Elizabeth and John Proctor? What does it reveal about their relationship and about each of their characters? Elizabeth and John Proctor have a strained relationship and a â€Å"cold† home due to John’s affair with Abigail. John has not forgiven himself.   What is the gift Mary Warren gives to Elizabeth? Mary Warren gives Elizabeth a poppet, a rag doll. 20. What information does Mary provide about the trials? Why does John forbid her from attending? Elizabeth’s name has been mentioned in connection witchcraft. Mary Warren is an â€Å"official of the court. † John forbids Mary from attending the trial because he knows that it’s a sham because Abigail told him that she made the â€Å"witchcraft† up.   Why does Reverend Hale come to the Proctors’ home? What does this scene reveal about Hale’s role in the trial? Hale visits the Proctors to test the Christian character of the home. Hale is the investigator trying to find the truth.   What relationship does Hale suggest exists between the church and the court? Hale believes that the relationship between the church and the court is too close together – that justice is impossible.   What does Proctor tell Hale about why the children were ill? How does he claim to know? Proctor tell Hale that the children/girls are making the â€Å"witchcraft† up; Abigail told him.   What is the point of the discussion between Hale and the Proctors about whether or not they believe in witches? The Proctors do not believe in witchcraft, this going against what the church says. What does Giles report to the Proctors? What is the significance of his revelations? Giles reports that his wife, Martha, has been arrested.   What event begins to change Hale’s opinion about the arrests? How does he feel about the court? Elizabeth Proctor is arrested based on possession of a poppet that has a needle in its body (Abigail simultaneously stabs herself with a needle). Mary Warren says she made the doll while sitting in court.   What role does Cheever play? What is revealed about his character? Cheever is the arresting officer. He says he has been ordered to do so (he does not question his orders). What do we learn about why Mary Warren gave the poppet to Elizabeth? Why is Elizabeth arrested? On what grounds? What do we learn about Mary Warren’s motives at the end of the scene? How do Proctor, Francis, and Giles plan to use Mary Warren’s testimony to prove that â€Å"Heaven is NOT speaking through the children†? What is the significance of Proctor plowing on?

European Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Law - Essay Example "It can, and frequently is, argued that the Court has emerged as the most dynamic and purposeful of all Community institutions in furtherance of the idea of European integration,"3 observes Ian Ward, an expert in European law. Another scholar claims that by establishing several legal doctrines and setting important legal precedents in a series of preliminary rulings, the ECJ has essentially 'constitutionised' the EC laws and successfully laid "the [legal] foundation for a federal Europe."4 According to Kwan, today the ECJ "stands at the pinnacle of [the European] Community legal order with its rights to judicial review and to sanction European states for non-compliance with EU laws." 5 The present research is an attempt to understand the constitutional nature of the European Union and the role and significance of European law and the ECJ in establishing a legal order among member states and facilitating the legal integration of the European Union, thereby strengthening the politico-e conomic integration. While many political theories - ranging from functionalism, neo-functionalism, neo-realism and neo-rationalism- have been applied in explaining the different phases of the integration process,6 the first significant step towards European integration can be traced back to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty of 1951, for the establishment of a common market in coal and steel products. A Court of Justice, which was created as part of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreements for adjudicating disputes and observing compliance by the member states, has over the years transformed into the "supranational" and powerful European Court of Justice.7 The 1957 Treaty of Rome was the next significant step towards integration, when the ECSC was expanded to form the European Economic Community (EEC), later called the European Community (EC), constituting five key community institutions - the European Commission, the Council of Ministers, the European Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice.8 The establishment of EC represented a further step in economic integration by providing for the free movement of services, capital and labour in addition to the free movement of goods; however, for many political and economic reasons the 'single market' programme became effective only by 1992.9 Nonetheless, the jurisdiction and mandate of the ECJ was expanded by the 1957 Treaty - the ECJ was granted the right to judicial review, empowering the Court to hear cases raised by national governments or EC institutions regarding the validity of the EC laws. The national courts, which alone had access to the EC legal system cou ld seek clarification from the ECJ, through a preliminary ruling procedure, in interpreting the meanings of EC laws in relation to the cases decided by them.10 While the Single European Act of 1986 provided an impetus to integration, the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 creating the European Union was perhaps the most significant step, facilitating economic, political and legal integration of the member states.